A well-designed barn is the heart of any working farm. Whether you're housing livestock, storing equipment, or need a workshop, proper planning ensures your barn serves you for generations.
Planning Your Barn
Questions to Answer First
- What animals will it house?
- How many animals (now and future growth)?
- What equipment needs storage?
- Do you need hay/feed storage?
- Is a workshop area needed?
- What's your realistic budget?
Location Considerations
- Drainage: Build on high ground or grade away from structure
- Access: Easy access for vehicles, equipment, livestock
- Utilities: Plan for water, electricity runs
- Orientation: Consider prevailing winds, sun exposure
- Setbacks: Check local zoning requirements
Barn Types
Pole Barn (Post-Frame)
- Pros: Most affordable, quick to build, versatile
- Cons: Posts can rot over time
- Best for: General livestock, equipment storage
- Cost: $15-45 per square foot
Traditional Bank Barn
- Pros: Classic design, two-level access, natural ventilation
- Cons: Expensive, requires hillside site
- Best for: Dairy, large operations
Monitor Barn
- Pros: Raised center section for light/ventilation
- Cons: More complex construction
- Best for: Horse barns, workshops
šļø Build Bigger
Farms always grow! Build at least 25% larger than your current needs. The cost difference is small compared to adding on later. Plan for doors and passages large enough for equipment.
Sizing Guidelines
Livestock Space
- Horse stall: 12' x 12' (14' x 14' for large breeds)
- Cattle: 50-60 sq ft per head
- Goats/Sheep: 15-20 sq ft per animal
- Pigs: 8 sq ft per pig
- Chickens: 4 sq ft per bird
Additional Space
- Hay storage: Plan for winter supply (1 ton = ~65 cubic feet)
- Feed room: 100-150 sq ft minimum
- Tack/equipment: As needed
- Alleyways: 10-12 feet for equipment passage
Ventilation: Critical for Health
Poor ventilation causes respiratory problems in livestock. Ensure:
- Ridge vents along entire roofline
- Eave vents for air intake
- Windows that open
- Consider cupolas for additional airflow
- 1 sq ft ventilation per 100 sq ft floor space (minimum)
Flooring Options
- Packed dirt: Cheap, easy on legs, needs maintenance
- Gravel: Good drainage, affordable
- Concrete: Durable, easy to clean, cold, slippery when wet
- Rubber mats: Comfortable over concrete, reduces injury
Essential Features
- Water supply (frost-free hydrants in cold climates)
- Electrical with adequate outlets and lighting
- Wide doors (12' minimum for equipment)
- Fire extinguishers and smoke detectors
- Proper drainage (inside and out)
- Secure feed storage (rodent-proof)
DIY vs. Professional
Small shelters can be DIY projects. For larger barns:
- Get multiple contractor quotes
- Consider barn kits (pre-engineered)
- Always pull required permits
- Foundation and electrical should be professional
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