Permaculture Basics

By GreenHabit Team • 15 min read • January 3, 2026

Permaculture is a design system for creating sustainable human settlements. It goes beyond gardening to encompass entire landscapes, creating systems where plants, animals, and structures work together harmoniously.

The Three Ethics of Permaculture

  1. Earth Care: Nurture the living earth
  2. People Care: Look after yourself and others
  3. Fair Share: Limit consumption, redistribute surplus
A productive food forest garden

Key Permaculture Principles

Zone Planning

Permaculture organizes space by frequency of use:

Zone 0: The Home

The house itself—design for energy efficiency, comfort, and connection to the land.

Zone 1: Intensive Garden

Visited daily. Herbs, salads, kitchen garden, greenhouse. Close to the house for easy access.

Zone 2: Main Garden & Orchard

Visited regularly. Larger vegetable beds, berry patches, small livestock, compost.

Zone 3: Farm Zone

Main crops, orchards, larger animals, field crops. Less frequent attention.

Zone 4: Semi-Wild

Managed woodland, forage area, timber, wild harvests.

Zone 5: Wilderness

Left alone. Observe, learn, preserve biodiversity.

🌳 Start Small

You don't need all zones! Most suburban homes work with Zones 0-2. Focus on developing your closest zones well before expanding.

Food Forests

A food forest mimics a natural forest ecosystem with edible plants:

Diverse permaculture garden

Guilds: Plant Communities

A guild groups plants that support each other. The classic apple tree guild:

Getting Started

  1. Observe your land for a full year
  2. Map sun, water, wind, and microclimates
  3. Identify resources and challenges
  4. Design on paper first
  5. Start small—develop one area well
  6. Build soil health first
  7. Plant perennials early (they take time)
  8. Keep learning and adapting
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