Propolis is nature's antibiotic—a resinous substance bees collect from tree buds and use to protect their hive. Its health benefits have been valued since ancient times.
What is Propolis?
Propolis (Greek for "defense of the city") is a sticky substance made from:
- 50% plant resins
- 30% waxes
- 10% essential oils
- 5% pollen
- 5% other compounds
How Bees Use It
- Seal cracks and gaps in hive
- Reduce entrance size
- Coat interior surfaces (antimicrobial)
- Embalm intruders they can't remove
- Strengthen comb attachment
Propolis Compounds
Over 300 active compounds identified, including:
- Flavonoids: Antioxidants, anti-inflammatory
- Phenolic acids: Antimicrobial properties
- Terpenes: Various health benefits
- CAPE: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (studied for anticancer properties)
🌍 Location Matters
Propolis composition varies based on local flora. Brazilian green propolis, European propolis, and Asian propolis have different profiles and properties.
Researched Health Benefits
- Antimicrobial: Fights bacteria, viruses, and fungi
- Wound healing: Speeds tissue repair
- Oral health: Fights cavity-causing bacteria
- Immune support: May boost immune response
- Anti-inflammatory: Reduces inflammation
- Antioxidant: Fights free radicals
Harvesting Propolis
Propolis Traps
- Place plastic trap (with slits) on hive
- Bees fill gaps with propolis
- Remove trap when full
- Freeze trap (propolis becomes brittle)
- Flex trap to release propolis
Scraping
Scrape propolis from frames during inspections. Less efficient, may contain debris.
Making Propolis Tincture
💧 Propolis Tincture
Ingredients:
- Raw propolis
- High-proof alcohol (minimum 70%)
Method:
- Freeze propolis, then grind to powder
- Combine 1 part propolis to 5 parts alcohol
- Store in dark glass jar
- Shake daily for 2-4 weeks
- Strain through coffee filter
- Store tincture in dark bottles
Using Propolis
Internal Use
- Tincture: Add drops to water or tea
- Throat spray: For sore throats
- Capsules: Powdered propolis
Topical Use
- Salves: For cuts and skin issues
- Lip balm: Added to recipes
- Toothpaste: Oral health benefits
Precautions
- May cause reactions in those allergic to bees or bee products
- Test on small skin area first
- Consult healthcare provider if pregnant or on medications
- Propolis stains everything brown—be careful!
Selling Propolis
Raw propolis and tinctures sell well:
- Raw propolis: $15-30/oz
- Tincture: $10-20/oz
- Market to health-conscious customers
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